The Vatican is situated in the area where St. Peter was martyred and buried.Emperor Constantino built the basilica in 326 on the bomb and in honour of the apostle, and it was during this time that the hill between Monte Mario and the Gianicolo was partly razed.Later the Popes, having resided in the Laterano for centuries, decided to stay here.
Today's Vatican State was born on the 11 February of 1929 during the signature of the "Patti Lateranensi", which stipulate the reconciliation:between the Italian State and the Holy See

Soon there after the Via della Conciliazione was built so as to commemorate the event. It links St. Peter's to Castle Sant'Angels, the ancient fortress that for centuries served as the papal jail.